This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: Financial support was received from the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence India. Received: JanuAccepted: MaPublished: May 21, 2013Ĭopyright: © 2013 Jain et al. PLoS ONE 8(5):Įditor: Aditya Bhushan Pant, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India Hence it may be used as a non invasive and non pharmacological intervention against various neurological disorders.Ĭitation: Jain V, Baitharu I, Prasad D, Ilavazhagan G (2013) Enriched Environment Prevents Hypobaric Hypoxia Induced Memory Impairment and Neurodegeneration: Role of BDNF/PI3K/GSK3β Pathway Coupled with CREB Activation. From these observations it can be postulated that EE has a therapeutic potential in amelioration of HH induced memory impairment and neurodegeneration. Moreover GSK3β phosphorylation and hence its inactivation upregulates CREB phosphorylation which may also accounts for activation of survival machinery in cells and provides neuroprotection. Also brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a major role in EE mediated neuroprotection and it effectively prevented neurodegeneration by activating PI3K/AKT pathway resulting in GSK3β inactivation which further inhibits apoptosis. Finding of the present study suggested that EE prevents HH mediated memory impairment and neurodegeneration. Further, using different blockers signaling pathway was also explored. Role of different neurotrophins was explored by gene silencing and inhibitors for their respective receptors. Spatial memory was assessed through Morris Water Maze. Male Sprague Dawley rats were simulated to HH condition in an Animal Decompression Chamber at an altitude of 25000 feet in standard and enriched cages for 7 days. Signaling mechanism involved in neuroprotection was also explored. The present study is an attempt to verify the impact of EE on spatial memory during HH and also to explore the possible role of neurotrophin in EE mediated neuroprotection. The protective role of EE in preventing HH induced neuronal death has been reported previously but the involved mechanism is still not clearly understood. Providing enriched environment (EE) is found to be beneficial for curing several neurodegenerative disorders. Adverse environmental conditions such as hypobaric hypoxia (HH) cause memory impairment by affecting cellular machinery leading to neurodegeneration.
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